GESTION INTEGREE DES ESPACES FRONTALIERS : WATHI ET LA FONDATION KONRAD ADENAUER POUR LA PROMOTION D’UN DIALOGUE INCLUSIF AUTOUR DE LA QUESTION
Dr Gilles YABI
Sécurité des espaces frontaliers au Bénin. C’est autour de ce thème que le Think tank Citoyen pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest Wathi en partenariat avec la fondation Konrad Adenauer a animé sa deuxième table ronde virtuelle sur le Bénin après celle sur la formation professionnelle, l’emploi des jeunes et l’entreprenariat. C’était le mercredi 17 novembre 2021.
Les échanges ont lieu dans un contexte marqué par un faisceau de constats en lien avec les enjeux économiques, la paix, l’intégration sous-régionale et les effets des changements climatiques sur le cadre de vie des populations. D’entrée de jeu, le représentant résident adjoint de la fondation Konrad Adenauer souligne ainsi l’importance d’une telle réunion : « Discuter de la sécurité des espaces frontaliers au Bénin est donc très important surtout dans un pays connu pour être une terre d’accueil. La question frontalière touche premièrement aux intérêts humains, qu’il s’agisse des implications individuelles ou plus amplement de celles de l’État. Le quotidien des populations vivant dans ces zones est clairement différent de celui des habitants de l’intérieur du pays », affirme Rafael Merz. Un débat multi acteurs qui cherche à promouvoir une démocratie participative est d’intérêt général avec comme avantage d’aborder des préoccupations qui touchent plusieurs pays africains. « Tous les jours ou presque, nous entendons parler d’attaques au Mali, au Burkina-Faso, au Niger. Il est clair que la sécurité dans chacun des pays de la région, qu’il s’agisse de pays sahélien ou pas, est une affaire collective. Lorsque nous avons une discussion sur la formation professionnelle au Bénin, cela est tout à fait pertinent pour le Sénégal, le Togo et tous les autres pays » confie le directeur exécutif de Wathi, Dr Gilles Yabi.
En plus de la sécurité, une gestion efficace des espaces frontaliers passe par l’emploi des jeunes.
Aujourd’hui, le seul fait majeur noté au Bénin et qui témoigne d’une menace des organisations extrémistes est l’enlèvement de touristes français dans le parc national de la Pendjari en 2019. Pourtant, le Bénin ne devrait pas baisser la garde selon la société civile en restant dans la dynamique d’une vigilance qui intègre les organisations locales : « C’est ensemble que nous devons travailler à la production de notre sécurité. Les organisations locales sont très informées avec des systèmes d’alerte. S’appuyer sur elles peut améliorer l’intervention des Forces de défense et de sécurité. Il faut accentuer le travail de prévention au niveau des communautés qui ne sont pas encore affectées par les violences pour limiter le risque de contagion. Enfin, ne minimisons jamais une source de conflit, aussi petite soit-elle », met en garde la présidente de la coalition nationale pour la paix, madame Batoko-Zossou Fatoumatou
Pour le maire de la commune de Kétou, localité frontalière avec le Nigéria, la question de l’extrémisme violent est subséquemment liée à celle de l’emploi et du chômage dans les zones frontalières. Le désœuvrement, la prise de produits psychotropes, la dissémination des germes de la violence et l’apparition d’un radicalisme, qu’il soit primaire ou non sont, selon Lucie Sessinou Tidjani, le fait d’une jeunesse sans perspectives d’avenir et de réussite sociale. Orienter donc les investissements vers les milieux frontaliers à travers entre autres la création de zones franches économiques spéciales comme c’est le cas dans la commune de Sèmè-Podji, pour absorber la main d’œuvre, permettra de juguler un tant soit peu, les questions de sécurité, peut-on retenir des discussions.
Reporter Bénin Monde
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