POUR L’APRÈS COVID19, L’UNIVERSITÉ DU 3EME MILLÉNAIRE : DE LA NÉCESSITE DE REPENSER L’UNIVERSITÉ ET SON RÔLE DANS LA CITE…
Face à la crise du COVID–19, Dr. Alain CAPO CHICHI appelle à repenser l’Université, sa structure et son rôle dans la cité : Il préconise l’Université du 3ème millénaire.
Dans cet entretien, le Pdg de l’Institut CERCO aborde de front une question qui reste depuis plusieurs années déjà l’un des grands enjeux du continent et auquel personne n’ose vraiment trouver solution. Il démontre par son approche que la crise sanitaire que traverse le monde sonne le glas de l’indifférence des acteurs d’un système qui nécessite une refonte…
QUESTION 1 : Pourquoi faut-il repenser l’Université aujourd’hui ?
Dr. Alain CAPO CHICHI : La crise actuelle de la distanciation sociale nous a contraints à une Université physiquement fermée : les étudiants sont à la maison et ont accès à d’autres ressources, d’autres universités, d’autres sources de connaissances à travers l’internet et le professeur se trouve totalement isolé voire inexistant. Cette situation, qui risque de durer, doit nous amener à abandonner le modèle transmissif de la formation que nous utilisons depuis des lustres et qui a montré ses limites, pour aller vers un modèle qui rend l’étudiant moins dépendant, mais plus autonome, actif et créatif. Désormais, le professeur n’est plus devant son étudiant et est contraint de faire le mort. C’est le modèle idéal du triangle pédagogique formalisé par Jean HOUSSAYE pour que l’apprenant s’approprie le savoir. Ainsi, la question qui se pose aujourd’hui, c’est comment repenser le rôle du professeur pour qu’il accompagne l’apprenant dans son apprentissage. Plutôt que d’être un transmetteur de savoir, il doit rapidement devenir un coach, un mentor. L’Université, jusqu’à présent, est restée dans un rôle de formation et fait de celle-ci une finalité, alors que la finalité de la formation doit être la résolution des problèmes, la créativité et l’innovation.
L’enjeu doit être l’adaptation de la connaissance à l’évolution du monde pour résoudre les besoins de la communauté.
Alain CAPO CHICHI
QUESTION 2 : Qu’est-ce que cela signifie concrètement ?
Dr Alain CAPO CHICHI : Lorsqu’un professeur prépare un cours, dans ses objectifs pédagogiques, il peut viser six (06) niveaux qui, selon Benjamin Bloom, se déclinent comme suit : la connaissance (niveau 1), la compréhension (niveau 2), l’application (niveau 3), l’analyse (niveau 4), la synthèse (niveau 5) et la création (niveau 6). Le problème dans nos universités est que 99% des professeurs se limitent au niveau le plus bas de l’échelle, le niveau de la connaissance pour définir leurs objectifs pédagogiques. Si on prend par exemple un cours sur la téléphonie : quand il ne vise que la connaissance, son objectif serait que les étudiants vont apprendre la téléphonie, connaître les éléments constitutifs d’un téléphone etc … Or, s’il vise le niveau le plus élevé la création, l’étudiant doit être capable non seulement d’apprendre mais surtout doit utiliser, concevoir et même créer un téléphone. Si vous prenez 99,99% des cours qui se font dans la plupart des universités africaines, nous ne visons que la connaissance, alors que celle-ci ne sert à rien si elle n’est pas utilisée pour résoudre les problèmes de la communauté. Le second problème se trouve dans la validité de la connaissance elle-même. En effet, la connaissance évolue. Elle n’est pas figée et devient rapidement obsolète au rythme de l’évolution de la technologie, de l’environnement juridique, économique, etc. Donc nous enseignons quelque chose qui bouge et n’est plus établie comme jadis. Il y a quelques années, un étudiant pouvait apprendre quelque chose pendant quatre (04) ans et utiliser la connaissance acquise pendant trente (30) ans. Mais aujourd’hui, ce qu’on apprend à un étudiant pendant ses études devient obsolète avant même qu’il ne quitte l’Université. Ainsi, l’enjeu doit être l’adaptation de la connaissance à l’évolution du monde pour résoudre les besoins de la communauté. Plutôt que de chercher à transmettre la connaissance à l’apprenant pour qu’il la garde pendant trente (30) ans, l’urgence doit plutôt être de le former pour qu’il utilise la connaissance pendant l’apprentissage pour résoudre les problèmes et savoir s’adapter lui-même. Donc aujourd’hui, l’enjeu n’est plus la connaissance, mais le problème qu’il va servir à résoudre. L’objectif des cours dans nos universités devrait donc être : comment préparer l’apprenant ou l’étudiant pour qu’en face d’un problème, il sache mobiliser les ressources (sa propre connaissance, la technologie, l’internet, ses amis, l’intelligence collective etc.) pour le résoudre.
Il faut adopter dans nos universités, les pédagogies actives et innovantes.
Alain CAPO CHICHI
QUESTION 3 : Que doit-on retenir par-là, préconisez-vous donc l’approche par problème ?
Dr Alain CAPO CHICHI : Absolument. Il faut adopter dans nos universités, les pédagogies actives et innovantes. Ces pédagogies qui rendent l’étudiant acteur de sa propre formation où depuis son entrée à l’Université, ce dernier dispose d’un projet professionnel ou personnel et étudie à chaque cours en fonction de ce projet professionnel. Il n’est donc plus en compétition avec ses camarades mais il collabore d’ailleurs avec eux pour s’améliorer. L’important, c’est que l’étudiant puisse utiliser avec profit les ressources de son environnement, exprimer ses besoins et devenir autonome dans son approche des savoirs. Il doit savoir s’autoévaluer, gérer ses compétences et se former « tout au long de la vie ».
QUESTION 4 : Donc, votre approche est centrée sur l’apprenant ?
Dr Alain CAPO CHICHI : Absolument, puisque c’est lui qu’on veut transformer. Donc, c’est lui qui doit être accompagné et c’est lui que le professeur, qui devient son coach, doit aider à révéler son talent. Plutôt que de le stigmatiser dans un domaine, dans une filière ou dans une classe avec des niveaux (1ère, 2ème et 3ème année), l’étudiant doit avoir un parcours totalement personnalisé, parce que nous sommes nés différents et n’avons pas les mêmes aptitudes. Donc, les formations dans les universités africaines doivent tenir compte du rythme d’apprentissage de l’apprenant pour le rendre utile à la communauté.
QUESTION 5 : Parlez-nous de la co-création et de la conception participative ?
Dr Alain CAPO CHICHI : Aujourd’hui, plusieurs chercheurs et praticiens se sont rendus compte que pendant la 1ère phase de résolution d’un problème qu’est l’étape de la génération d’idées nouvelles ou de créativité, les compétences individuelles sont intéressantes, mais ce qui prime c’est la rencontre, la co-création, la collaboration, c’est aussi l’interdisciplinarité. Cela change fondamentalement le rôle de l’Université, car plutôt que d’être un centre d’enseignement ou de formation disciplinaire, elle doit être un centre qui favorise la rencontre, l’intelligence collective. Elle doit ramener à l’Université l’ensemble des parties prenantes autour d’un problème (entreprises, paysans, designer, startups, artistes, entrepreneurs, les politiques, etc.). L’université doit devenir un espace d’innovation, de collaboration, et de co-création. C’est ça l’université du 3ème millénaire.
La crise du COVID a créé un précèdent qui va profiter aux jeunes africains…
Alain CAPO CHICHI
QUESTION 6 : Quelle sera la structure et le rôle de cette nouvelle Université ?
Dr Alain CAPO CHICHI : Cette Université doit réduire les heures d’enseignement qui sont utilisées par des professeurs qui confondent cours et supports de cours. Les heures de cours ne doivent plus être utilisées pour laisser parler uniquement le professeur qui transmettra une connaissance qui va devenir très vite obsolète. Les apprenants doivent apprendre à être autonomes, à travailler en groupe. Ils doivent être impliqués dans des projets orientés vers les besoins de la communauté. L’Université devient ainsi un lieu d’expérimentation, de simulation, de conférences ouvertes au public, d’implémentation et de valorisation des produits et services. Dans cette université, nous devons avoir tous les outils pour le design et le prototypage : découpeuse laser, fraiseuse numérique, imprimantes 3D, robots, cartes électroniques, etc. Ces nouveaux outils sont indispensables pour appréhender tous les métiers de demain, car tous ces métiers seront influencés par l’intelligence artificielle, les objets connectés, la réalité augmentée, la robotique, les big data, la blockchain etc. Aussi, l’approche de la nouvelle université doit-elle être interdisciplinaire et orientée vers la mutualisation des ressources (cours, espaces, professeurs, technologies, étudiants).Un étudiant n’a plus d’Université en tant que telle mais peut étudier dans plusieurs universités à la fois. La mobilité des enseignants et des étudiants deviendrait alors une réalité. Cette nouvelle forme d’Université n’est plus un rêve : elle existe déjà dans plusieurs pays et depuis cinq (05) ans, le Groupe CERCO a travaillé et l’a mise en place à Bassam en Côte d’Ivoire. Le Groupe l’a dénommé: le camp du futur. C’est le modèle adopté par les meilleures universités du monde comme HAVARD, MIT, etc. Nous devons donner aux jeunes africains la chance de vendre leurs compétences au monde. La crise du COVID a créé un précèdent qui va profiter aux jeunes africains : le télétravail et le freelance. Nos jeunes bien formés peuvent aller chercher depuis leur pays les meilleurs salaires dans le monde.
Cellule de Communication/Dr Alain CAPO CHICHI
About The Author
PDG merci beaucoup ,
C’est du propre ,
C’est du lourd,
I like the valuable information you supply on your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently. I am relatively certain I will be informed plenty of new stuff right here! Good luck for the following!
Very quickly this website will be famous among all blogging users, due to it’s nice articles or reviews
I am really loving the theme/design of your weblog. Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility problems? A number of my blog visitors have complained about my blog not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Safari. Do you have any solutions to help fix this issue?
This post is really a pleasant one it helps new web people, who are wishing for blogging.
hey there and thank you for your information I’ve definitely picked up anything new from right here. I did however expertise some technical issues using this site, since I experienced to reload the web site a lot of times previous to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your web hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will often affect your placement in google and can damage your high quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I’m adding this RSS to my e-mail and can look out for a lot more of your respective fascinating content. Make sure you update this again soon.
Hi there mates, its enormous piece of writing concerning educationand fully explained, keep it up all the time.
Greetings from Idaho! I’m bored to tears at work so I decided to check out your website on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy the knowledge you present here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m shocked at how quick your blog loaded on my mobile .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, superb site!
Great delivery. Outstanding arguments. Keep up the amazing work.
Great post.
You should take part in a contest for one of the greatest blogs on the internet. I most certainly will recommend this website!
Having read this I thought it was very informative. I appreciate you taking the time and effort to put this article together. I once again find myself spending way too much time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worth it!
You can definitely see your enthusiasm in the article you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to mention how they believe. All the time go after your heart.
Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and help others like you helped me.
Hello there! This article couldn’t be written any better! Going through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept talking about this. I’ll forward this information to him. Pretty sure he will have a very good read. Many thanks for sharing!
We are a group of volunteers and starting a new scheme in our community. Your site provided us with valuable information to work on. You have done an impressive job and our whole community will be grateful to you.
Post writing is also a fun, if you be acquainted with then you can write or else it is difficult to write.
fantastic post, very informative. I wonder why the other experts of this sector do not realize this. You should continue your writing. I am sure, you have a huge readers’ base already!
Simply want to say your article is as surprising. The clearness on your post is simply excellent and i can think you are a professional in this subject. Well together with your permission allow me to take hold of your RSS feed to stay up to date with coming near near post. Thank you one million and please keep up the rewarding work.
We are a group of volunteers and starting a new scheme in our community. Your site provided us with valuable information to work on. You have done an impressive job and our whole community will be grateful to you.
Hey very interesting blog!
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog and was wondering what all is required to get set up? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very internet savvy so I’m not 100% positive. Any tips or advice would be greatly appreciated. Kudos
Excellent blog here! Also your website rather a lot up fast! What host are you using? Can I am getting your associate link on your host? I want my website loaded up as fast as yours lol
Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading correctly. I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it in two different browsers and both show the same results.
Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and help others like you helped me.
I have been surfing online more than 3 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. Personally, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the internet will be much more useful than ever before.
Im not that much of a online reader to be honest but your blogs really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site to come back down the road. All the best
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the images on this blog loading? I’m trying to find out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated.
This is the right blog for anyone who wishes to find out about this topic. You understand so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want toHaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a topic that’s been written about for many years. Excellent stuff, just excellent!
Neat blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A design like yours with a few simple adjustements would really make my blog jump out. Please let me know where you got your design. With thanks
Greetings! Very helpful advice within this article! It is the little changes which will make the biggest changes. Thanks for sharing!
I was able to find good information from your blog posts.
I used to be recommended this website by way of my cousin. I am now not positive whether this publish is written by way of him as no one else understand such distinct approximately my difficulty. You are amazing! Thank you!
Thank you, I have recently been searching for information approximately this topic for a while and yours is the best I have found out so far. However, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source?
Incredible points. Outstanding arguments. Keep up the amazing work.
This piece of writing provides clear idea in favor of the new users of blogging, that truly how to do blogging and site-building.
I am curious to find out what blog system you happen to be utilizing? I’m experiencing some minor security problems with my latest website and I would like to find something more safe. Do you have any suggestions?
Красивый мужской эротический массаж в Москве с сауной
I love it when folks come together and share thoughts. Great website, keep it up!
I’m really enjoying the design and layout of your blog. It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more enjoyable for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a designer to create your theme? Exceptional work!
If you desire to take much from this piece of writing then you have to apply such techniques to your won blog.
Hello there, You have performed an excellent job. I will definitely digg it and in my opinion recommend to my friends. I am sure they will be benefited from this site.
Hi there, yup this piece of writing is really good and I have learned lot of things from it about blogging. thanks.
Hi there, I found your blog via Google even as searching for a similar topic, your site got here up, it seems to be good. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
Wow, this article is nice, my sister is analyzing such things, thus I am going to inform her.
Hi, just wanted to say, I enjoyed this post. It was funny. Keep on posting!
Hi there would you mind stating which blog platform you’re working with? I’m planning to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having a difficult time selecting between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your design seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something completely unique. P.S Apologies for getting off-topic but I had to ask!
Hello! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this site? I’m getting tired of WordPress because I’ve had issues with hackers and I’m looking at options for another platform. I would be great if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.
It’s not my first time to pay a visit this site, i am visiting this site dailly and get good data from here daily.
I think this is one of the most significant information for me. And i’m glad reading your article. But want to remark on few general things, The website style is great, the articles is really nice : D. Good job, cheers
Hello there, simply was aware of your blog thru Google, and found that it is really informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels. I will appreciate for those who continue this in future. A lot of other people shall be benefited from your writing. Cheers!
Hello! Would you mind if I share your blog with my twitter group? There’s a lot of people that I think would really enjoy your content. Please let me know. Thank you
I was recommended this blog by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as no one else know such detailed about my difficulty. You are amazing! Thanks!
I was able to find good information from your blog articles.
Good article! We will be linking to this great post on our site. Keep up the good writing.
I am extremely inspired with your writing talents and alsowell as with the layout on your blog. Is this a paid subject matter or did you customize it yourself? Either way stay up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to see a nice blog like this one nowadays..
Link exchange is nothing else except it is simply placing the other person’s weblog link on your page at appropriate place and other person will also do same in favor of you.
I am in fact glad to read this webpage posts which contains lots of helpful information, thanks for providing these data.
I am extremely impressed with your writing skills and also with the layout on your blog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Either way keep up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to see a nice blog like this one these days.
Hello there, You have done a great job. I will definitely digg it and personally recommend to my friends. I am sure they will be benefited from this site.
Does your website have a contact page? I’m having a tough time locating it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it expand over time.
Thank you for sharing your info. I truly appreciate your efforts and I am waiting for your next post thank you once again.
Good day very nice website!! Guy .. Beautiful .. Superb .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds also? I am satisfied to find numerous useful information here in the submit, we’d like develop more strategies in this regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .
Greetings! Very helpful advice within this article! It is the little changes which will make the biggest changes. Thanks for sharing!
I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you design this website yourself or did you hire someone to do it for you? Plz reply as I’m looking to design my own blog and would like to know where u got this from. thank you
Howdy! I just want to give you a huge thumbs up for the great info you’ve got here on this post. I’ll be coming back to your website for more soon.
Thanks for the marvelous posting! I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you are a great author. I will be sure to bookmark your blog and will often come back at some point. I want to encourage one to continue your great posts, have a nice weekend!
You made some good points there. I looked on the web for more info about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this site.
Hello there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any recommendations?
Undeniably consider that that you stated. Your favourite justification appeared to be at the net the simplest thing to be mindful of. I say to you, I definitely get irked even as folks consider worries that they plainly do not realize about. You controlled to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing with no need side effect , folks can take a signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thank you
Great article! This is the type of information that are meant to be shared around the web. Disgrace on the seek engines for not positioning this publish upper! Come on over and visit my web site . Thank you =)
Excellent write-up. I definitely love this website. Stick with it!
Great beat ! I wish to apprentice while you amend your web site, how can i subscribe for a blog site? The account aided me a acceptable deal. I had been tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided bright clear concept
You really make it seem so easy together with your presentation however I in finding this topic to be really something which I feel I might never understand. It kind of feels too complicated and very wide for me. I am taking a look forward for your next submit, I will try to get the grasp of it!
Excellent blog here! Also your website a lot up fast! What host are you using? Can I am getting your associate link in your host? I want my website loaded up as fast as yours lol
Хотите получить идеально ровный пол без лишних затрат? Обратитесь к профессионалам на сайте styazhka-pola24.ru! Мы предоставляем услуги по стяжке пола м2 по доступной стоимости, а также устройству стяжки пола под ключ в Москве и области.
организация снабжения строительных объектов
I have been surfing online more than three hours these days, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s lovely value enough for me. Personally, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the net will probably be much more useful than ever before.
Оштукатуривание стен всегда было заботой, но не с mehanizirovannaya-shtukaturka-moscow.ru. Услуги, которые меняют представления о ремонте.
When I originally commented I clicked the « Notify me when new comments are added » checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Cheers!
These are really great ideas in regarding blogging. You have touched some pleasant factors here. Any way keep up wrinting.
Thank you for sharing your info. I truly appreciate your efforts and I am waiting for your next post thank you once again.
You can definitely see your expertise in the article you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to mention how they believe. All the time go after your heart.
Доверьте оштукатуривание стен профессионалам с сайта mehanizirovannaya-shtukaturka-moscow.ru. Экономьте свое время и силы!
I all the time used to read piece of writing in news papers but now as I am a user of web thus from now I am using net for articles or reviews, thanks to web.
I think this is one of the such a lot important information for me. And i’m glad reading your article. However wanna statement on few general things, The website taste is great, the articles is in point of fact nice : D. Just right process, cheers
If you desire to improve your experience only keep visiting this web site and be updated with the most recent information posted here.
What’s up, its nice piece of writing concerning media print, we all be familiar with media is a great source of data.
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good. I don’t know who you are but definitely you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already 😉 Cheers!
I have read so many articles regarding the blogger lovers except this article is in fact a good piece of writing, keep it up.
you are in reality a just right webmaster. The site loading velocity is incredible. It sort of feels that you are doing any unique trick. Also, The contents are masterpiece. you have performed a magnificent process in this topic!
I have been surfing online more than 3 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my opinion, if all website owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the internet will be much more useful than ever before.
Hi there, all the time i used to check webpage posts here early in the morning, since i love to gain knowledge of more and more.
Fantastic website you have here but I was curious if you knew of any message boards that cover the same topics talked about in this article? I’d really love to be a part of online community where I can get suggestions from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest. If you have any recommendations, please let me know. Thanks a lot!
Quality articles is the key to be a focus for the people to visit the site, that’s what this web site is providing.
Hello! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us valuable information to work on. You have done a extraordinary job!
Hi to every body, it’s my first visit of this webpage; this website contains remarkable and really fine stuff for readers.
Truly no matter if someone doesn’t understand after that its up to other users that they will help, so here it happens.
Hi there to every one, as I am in fact keen of reading this website’s post to be updated regularly. It includes nice information.
Excellent post but I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more. Appreciate it!
Отыщите азартное развлечение Lucky Jet через поисковую строку букмекера 1win и окунитесь в мир быстрых ставок!
Wow that was odd. I just wrote an very long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyways, just wanted to say fantastic blog!
Fine way of explaining, and nice piece of writing to get data about my presentation topic, which i am going to deliver in institution of higher education.