Attaques terroristes au Bénin: comment le cordon de sécurité a été percé et quelles sont les leçons à retenir ?
Les dernières attaques de Kérou et de Banikouara au nord du Bénin ont été planifiées par les assaillants qui d’ailleurs ont avertis les habitants « qu’ils vont faire mal ». Selon les informations d’une autorité locale, les terroristes mettaient en garde la population depuis plusieurs semaines. Si donc malgré cela, le cordon sécuritaire a été percé, il y a de ce part, des failles à corriger sur toute la chaîne.
Le dispositif sécuritaire dans le nord du Bénin contre la menace terroriste a été percé par des hommes armés qui seraient des djihadistes présumés. Plus d’une quinzaine de civils ont été pris à partie par des assaillants qui, jusque-là, ne s’en prenaient qu’aux forces militaires et leurs collaborateurs. Une attaque qui ressemble plus à la manière d’opérer des combattants du groupe Etat Islamique, même si la piste d’Al Qaïda n’est pas écartée.
En effet, remontant plus en amont, on apprend que les assaillants avaient prévu leur coup des semaines à l’avance et avaient même pris le temps de menacer directement les populations concernées d’une « frappe » à venir. Selon une autorité locale citée par TV5 Monde, les terroristes avaient avertis qu’ils mèneraient une attaque après la période du jeûne musulman. Si la population locale était au courant cela devrait forcément être le cas des autorités et donc des forces de sécurité.
Il va sans dire que les forces de l’ordre devraient, alors, être plus vigilantes et améliorer ou modifier la routine de leurs patrouilles et/ou tout le cordon sécuritaire car, une attaque préméditée des terroristes, soutient qu’ils ont certainement étudié la barrière sécuritaire et repéré des failles potentielles. Si donc les autorités au haut niveau ont limogé le commissaire de police en charge de la région, c’est qu’il y a probablement eu un dysfonctionnement dépendant ou non de lui.
Si une faille il y a, on ne peut pas ignorer le fait que les assaillants pourraient avoir dans leurs rangs ou à leur côté, des ressortissants béninois des régions où ont lieu les attaques. La précision, le moment de l’attaque, la justesse des opérations des djihadistes, supposent une bonne connaissance des lieux et des habitudes des forces de sécurité. Il y a donc eu un repérage sur des semaines avec des complicités locales éventuelles.
La responsabilité partagée
Dans un autre contexte, il ne faut pas, parce qu’il a été remplacé, jeter toute la responsabilité de ces attaques sur les Commissaire de la région. En effet, le gouvernement a également sa part de responsabilité dans ce dysfonctionnement de la barrière sécuritaire. Le président de la transition du Burkina Faso, le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré a dit dans un entretien, que la guerre contre le terrorisme implique aussi la mise en place d’infrastructures de base dans les régions touchées pour éviter de faciliter l’enrôlement de civils par les terroristes.
Les djihadistes ne recrutent que dans la communauté locale des régions où ils attaquent, au-delà d’autres combattants venus d’ailleurs. Il faut donc mettre en place des infrastructures de base afin de permettre aux habitants d’être plus ou moins épanouis dans le but de ne pas tomber dans les facilités proposées par les combattant djihadistes. L’accès à l’eau, l’électricité, la santé, la sécurité et autres infrastructures de divertissement, sont entre autres, des moyens de libérer les endoctrinés de l’emprise de la propagande djihadiste.
Des pistes de sécurités efficaces
Il est clair que le Bénin est dans la ligne de mire des terroristes et qu’il doit se considérer comme sous menace quotidienne sans toutefois céder à la panique. La lutte militaire contre le terrorisme est essentielle étant donné le caractère radical des djihadistes. Cependant, personnes ne peut la mener seule et c’est ce qu’a semblé comprendre le gouvernement actuel avec des partenariats avec les voisins. Il faut donc, que le Bénin compose avec le Burkina Faso, une forces d’élite mixe au niveau des frontières et les villages environnants, avec un libre accès aux deux territoires, afin de rendre impossible l’accès à ces zones aux terroristes. Il faut également prendre des leçons de lutte anti-terroriste auprès de certains pays ayant mieux fait, comme la Mauritanie ou l’Algérie.
En ce qui concerne l’armée béninoise, le gouvernement doit faire encore plus d’efforts pour équiper convenablement les soldats de moyens technologiques, volant et roulant. Il faut que les soldats soient en sécurité dans leurs véhicules même si ces derniers sautent sur des engins explosifs improvisés (EEI) lors des patrouilles de routine ; ce qui suppose des véhicules blindés adaptés. Il est important de disposer d’une couverture aérienne stratégique à longueur de journée (de jour comme de nuit) afin qu’au-delà du réseau de renseignement locale, l’armée puisse avoir des données sur les emplacements et déplacements des assaillants sans attendre les attaques avant de riposter.
Aussi, avec le Burkina Faso, le Bénin doit mettre en place une politique conjointe de développement de cette partie entre leurs deux territoires afin que l’une ne soit moins prise en compte que l’autre. Les terroristes ne recrutant que parmi la population locale des personnes sans orientation, complètement déboussolées qui n’espèrent plus grand-chose de l’avenir, il faut redonner de l’espoir à la jeunesse locale et lui apporter un idéal auquel s’accrocher. Des infrastructures culturelles, sportives et des centres d’orientation et de formation de proximité, seraient des pistes à explorer à court terme par les autorités qui sont bien conscientes de la situation et de ce qu’il faut faire.
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